Printing ink



' opposite side of the ard news inks is their lack ment.

Patented Oct. 2, 1945 PRINTING INK Everett F. Carman, Rutherford, N. 3., and Walther Reil, New York, N. Y., cal Corporation, New York, N.

assignors to Interchemi- Y., a corporation of o No Drawing. Application February 7, 1942, Serial No. 429,960 3 Claims. (0]. 106-29) This invention relates to inks for use in print ing porous stock or paper, such as is used in newspapers, telephone books and some magazines, and aims to provide an improved ink for this purpose which eliminates smudging, offsetting and strike-through, and permits'the use of thinner and hence cheaperpaper, all without sacrifice in speed of printing or economy in the ink itself.

Printing of newspapers, telephone books and magazines on porous stock difiers from other printing operations in that very high press speeds are required, the stock is very absorbent and the ultimate cost of the finished product is of paramount importance. The usual cheap inks for this purpose are made by dispersing pigment in very high boiling (and hence press-stable) petroleum fractions which are known to the trade as ink-oils. Such inks are non-drying in the ordinary sense but dry by penetration of the oil into the porous stock to a point where the printed product may be handled. However, this penetration occurs for a long time after printing and consequently the attainment of real drying is very slow. Moreover, if downward penetration is too great, .the print becomes visible from the paper and creates the condition known as strike-through which necessitates the use of rather heavy stock with the inks now commercially available; or ifoutward penetration or spreading of the ink is too great, it causes a lack of clarity in the outlines of the surfaces to a point where proper printing of half printed matter. Another objection to the standof a tenaciou binder so that when relatively large proportions of pigment are used, there is a decided tendency for the color to smudge.

In attempts to provide a different type of ink for printing porous stock which may not be subiect .to all of these disadvantages, it ha been suggested thata cheap ink could be formulated by using water as However, all attempts to use water in this manner have been uniformly unsuccessful. This has been due primarily to the fact that water does not adhere well to the metals used in both the printing surfaces and ink distributing rollers 01' the usual typographic printing press so that proper inking of the type cannot be accomplished. But even where the erties of the water ink have been improved, the presence of water in the ink has resulted in "tilling of the printing plates. This is probably caused both by the tackiness of the ink and the absorption by the wetting propporous paper of sufllcient water part of the vehicle for the pigpressions per hour. I

We have discovered that all or the above-mentones cannot be efiected. Furthermore, due to the materials from which prior-attempted water inks have been formulated, they have not been sufllciently stable to permit restarting the presses without wash-up after 24 hour shutdowns, and it has not been possible to operate at sumciently high speed to produce from tioned difliculties can be overcome and have invented an improved ink for printingporous stock at the high speeds now being used in printing newspapers. Our new ink is made with a vehicle comprising an aqueous dispersion of a trialkylol amine soap oi talloil.

Talloil is a liquid resin obtained in digesting pine wood to wood pulp. It is a dark brown, viscous oil, liquid at 20 (2., easily soluble in alcohol, ether and acetone and partially soluble in benzene and'turpentine oil. The principal constituents of talloil are:

Per cent Y Resin acids 30-45 Fatty acids 45-60 Unsaponiflable matter 6-12 The unsaponiflable' matter is a yellow viscous Ioil containing waxy and pitchy material including sterols and various unknown materials. The

pitch may be removed from the crude talloil byconventional methods to yield a refined talloil. When we refer to talloil herein, we'mean to include crude talloil, refined oil and talloil pitch.

Enough talloil should be used in our new compositions to obtain the required body in the ink vehicle and this is saponifled with a sumcient amount of the trialkylol amine to obtain complete saponification of the talloil. In our preferred compositions, we have found that from about 20-30% of talloil reacted with from 845% of the trialkylol amine and from 45-60% of water, or a mixture of water and a water-miscible solvent, provides a vehicle in which pigment may be dispersed to produce an ink of suitable consistency for high speed newspaper printing. 'lhe proportion of talloil to trialkylol amine used is such that the soap alone willhave a viscosity of from 40 pcises to poises. However, the addition of the water and other ingredients reduces to from 4 to 6 40,000 to 55,000 im-- Methyl Viole that even it most of the water evaporates during periods when the presses are not in operation, they may be started again without wash-up. This is due to the fact that the talloil soaps themselves are liquid, and although of rather high viscosity as indicated above, they become suitably thinned when the operation of the press is again started.

Our experiments have shown that when an ink embodying the principles of our invention is printed on porous stock, there is an initial-rapid drying by absorption of the ink into the paper. However, since the paper is acid, a reaction between the paper and the talloil soap takes place immediately causing neutralization of the soap to form free talloil acid. The free talloil acid is heavy in body and acts to bind the pigment to the paper and prevent penetration. Either this reaction or the hydrophilic properties of the paper effectively prevents strike-through. In fact, the results obtained with our new ink are so superior that considerably thinner paper may be used. Furthermore, while large proportions of water are used in the new compositions, the inks transfer properly in the ink distributing-systems and to the type and all filling of the printing plates is eliminated.

' Typical examples of inks embodying the principles of our invention are as follows:

Example 2 V ,Per cent Example 3 Per cent Talloil 7.7 Talloil pitch 12.2 Triethanolamine 9.2 Water 57.0 Carbon Black 11.8 Methyl Vio 2.1

' Example 4 a Per cent Talloil 20.31 Resin (modified phenolic) 2.70 Triethanolamine 8.11 Water 40.50 Cellosolve" 4.32 Diethylene glycol -1 14.87 Carbon Black 8.65 Methyl Violet 0.54 Each of the inks of Examples 2, 3 and 4 was tions, the talloil b le .trialkylol amines may ExampleI Per cent Talloil 20.0 Talloil pitch 10.0 Triethanolamine 10.0 Water 45.8.

"Cellosolve 4.0 Aerosol (alkaryl sulfonate) 0.7 Glycerine v 2.0 Carbon Black 7.0 Methyl Vi 0.5

' soap having, a

T8110. 12.5 Talloil pitch 16.9 Triethanolamine 14-.0 Water Y 45.0 Carbon Black 9.0 2.6

- persed in a vehicle compounded in the same manner as, the ink of Example land yielded similar results. Where resin is used, it is'added to the talloil before saponification.

While the above examples indicate that small percentages of resin maybe used in the composicannot be completely substituted with such materials.

' In addition to triethanolamine, we have founi that tri-isopropanolamine and other water-solube used to form the trialkylol amine soap in accordance with our invention.

What we claim is: 1 a

1. A printing ink consisting of pigment dis-. persed 'in a vehicle comprising an aqueous dispersion of a trialkylol amine soap of talloil, the talloil and water being present in relative amounts sufllcient to produce the consistency of ordinary news ink and there being suiiicient water-soluble trialkylol amine to obtain complete saponiflcation of thetalloil, and produce a liquid soap.

' 2; A printing lnk'co' isting of pigment discomprising from 20 to 30% of. talloil,v8 to. 15% of triethanolamine, and from 45 to of water.

3. A printing ink consisting of pigment dispersed in a vehicle comprising an aqueous dispersion of a trialkylol amine soap of talloil, the talloil and water-soluble trialkylol amine being present in sufiicient quantities to produce a liquid viscosity of from40 to poises,

and the water beinzpresent in such amount that the ink has the consistency of ordinary news ink.

. CARMAN.

wan-man. 1mm. 

